What Is A Vacuum Pump ?

A pump which removes gas molecules from an enclosed volume so that a partial vacuum is left behind is known as a vacuum pump. It was invented by Otto von Guericke in 1650. Pumps can be classified into three types according to the technology used. These three types are the Positive displacement pump, Momentum transfer pump and the Entrapment pump.

Momentum Transfer Pumps, which are also known as molecular pumps, use high speed jets of thick fluid or high speed rotating blades to propel the molecules in gaseous state out of the chamber. Entrapment pumps trap gases in a solid state. Positive displacement pumps are most efficient for vacuums that are low.

The kinetic pumps apply momentum to the gas so that mechanics of the moving parts of the machine make the gas transfer from the inlet area to the outlet area of the pump. When the moving part is in motion, the gas molecules are accelerated and moves towards the area where there is low pressure.

When this process is continuously repeated, the molecules are pushed out from the container. This is done to create vacuum. When the required vacuum level is reached at, the tank is isolated using a high vacuum valve. This dis-allows the gases between container and pump to exchange.

A large variety of vacuum pumps are combined with chambers or containers of different types and using different procedures resulting into a very wide range of vacuum pumps. A positive displacement pump can be used to create a partial vacuum by transferring gas molecules from the container to outlet. But this may not be the perfect kind of vacuum created. Other techniques can be used to achieve such a vacuum. The combination of chamber and procedure to create a vacuum will depend on what type of f vacuum needs to be created.

It is extremely difficult to achieve the perfect vacuum. Sometimes more than one pump type is used for a single operation. The combinations of pump types used depends upon the quality of vacuum desired. In spite of a lot of advancement pump technology has its limitations. Therefore the quality of the vacuum achieved is fairly crude. Quality can be improved by subjecting the container to a process of extreme drying. This should be done before vacuum pumping it.

Extremely high vacuums can be generated through custom built equipment made of stainless steel. A vacuum pump can be available in wide varieties and forms. The utility of such pumps is extremely high.

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